Internal combustion engine



Apzrfili 23, 1199. A. A. slDNEY INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed March 51, 1932 IEWEMOR Arthur A. Sidney Patented Apr. 23, 1935 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 1,999,116 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Arthur Alexander Sidney, Thornton Heath, England, assignor to Bryce Limited, a company of Great Britain Application March 31, 1932, Serial No. 602,339

. in Great Britain April 2, 1931 2 Claims. ((31. 299-107.1)

This invention relates to internal combustion thus possible to maintain a uniform ratio of fuel engines of the kind in which a combustible charge to air for all values of the engine output. of petrol or other volatile fuel is ignited in a Referring to Fig. 2, the sprayer or injector comcombustion chamber or engine cylinder by means prises a body It adapted to be inserted through 5 of a sparking or like device. an aperture in the wall of an engine cylinder or 5 The invention has for its object to provide an cylinder head and may be screw-threaded for internal combustion engine of the above type this purpose preferably with the same thread as which is also adapted to operate on heavy or nonthat which is employed for standard sparking volatile oil, such for example as is used for Diesel plugs. The body Ill of the sprayer or injector has engines. a bore ll terminating in an orifice l2 which lat- 10 According to the invention means is provided ter is partially closed by the tapered portion l3 of for introducing either volatile or non-volatile fuel a needle valve It. An extension of the valve oil in a substantially or at least partially atomized It carries a deflector it which is provided with form into the cylinder or combustion chamber of an annular deflecting surface ii and the body H! 15 an internal combustion engine prior to the inis formed with two sleeves l3 and i9 which enclose 15 duction stroke of the piston and the mixture of between them afurther annular deflecting surface fuel and air is subsequently ignited by means 28, the outer sleeve It being extended and a gap such as an electric spark. 2i being left between the edge of such extension The fuel oil may be delivered through an inand the edge of the deflector it.

jector device to the cylinder by means of a pump In the operation of this sprayer or injector a 20 (such for example as is commonly used for Diesel jet of fuel oil issues through a small annular type engines). clearance separating the tapered portion iii of the Means may be provided for controlling the valve l4 and the aperture I2. Part of such jet quantity of air aspirated by the engine and such of fuel is immediately atomized and passes immemeans may be controlled in accordance with the diately away from the sprayer through the gap 2|. 25

supply of fuel. The denser particles of the fuel jet, however, im- Further features of the invention will be herepinge upon the deflecting surface ii and as a coninafter described or indicated. sequence of this, the denser particles of fuel have In the accompanying drawing:-- their motion reversed and are directed onto the Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view showing an ininner part of the surface 2%. This latter surface 30 ternal combustion engine to which the present again reverses the direction of motion of such parinvention is applied; and ticles of fuel and redirects same such that they Fig. 2 is a sectional view illustrating a fuel inmay issue through the gap 2|. jection nozzle constructed according to the pres- The atomization of the fuel jet is completed by cut invention. impact thereof against the said surfaces and by 35 In carrying the invention into effect in one conthe heat which it receives therefrom, these survenient manner and as illustrated in the drawing, f aces,-and particularly the surfaces l1, being heata cylinder I of a petrol or like low compression ed by the explosions that occur in the engine internal combustion engine is provided with a cylinder.

sprayer or injector 2, which latter is connected to Any suitable form of fuel pump or air valve 40 a fuel pump 4 as through a pipe 3, the said pump may be employed with the invention but in the being preferably driven from the engine. case of the former it is preferred to employ a A valve 5 having an operating lever 6 controls fuel pump such as is described in either of the cothe volume of air which is aspirated by the enpending British applications Nos. 1732 of 1932 or 4.5 gine through an induction pipe 1. The said op- 1812 of 1932, and which has the advantage of becrating lever B is connected as by a link 8 to a ing capable of operation at high speeds and of control lever 9 of the fuel pump, operation of said dealing with petrol or like liquids having little lever 9 serving to regulate the quantity of fuel or no lubricating qualities. delivered by the pump, the arrangement being No change is made in the normal ignition or preferably such that adjustment of the pump, so valve timing or in the other arrangements of the so as to vary the delivery of fuel and thereby to vary engine, but the carburettor is preferably dispensed the output of the engine; is accompanied by a with. corresponding adjustment of the position of the It is well known that heavy fuel oil may be air valve 5 and consequently adjustment of the employed in compression ignition engines and that quantity of air aspirated by the engine. It is on account of the low cost of this oil as compared 55 with petrol, power may thus be very economically obtained. Such engines, however, as compared with petrol engineshave the disadvantages of increased weight, and roughness of running, because of their high compression ratio and are limited in speed. An engine adapted according to the present invention to use heavy oil retains the characteristics of the low compression petrol engine, these being, lightness, smoothness of running and high speed and has, at the same time, the

advantage of using a cheap fuel. a

It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the above details except in the manner set forth. I

I claim:

1. A fuel injection nozzle for an internal combustion engine comprising a body portion, an internal surface defining an orifice; in said body portion, a concavely curved deflecting surface surrounding said orifice, a sleeve portion surrounding said deflecting surface, and an additional deflector located so as to lie across the path of fluid issuing from the orifice and having an annular deflecting surface concavely curved to said ad.-

ditional deflector, the deflecting surfaces on said body portion and said additional deflector facing each other in such a manner that fluid issuing from the nozzle is deflected by said deflector back onto the body and thence through the space between the deflector and sleeve.

2. A fuel injection nozzle for an internal combustion engine comprising a body portion, an internal surface defining an orifice in said body portion, a concavely curved deflecting surface surrounding said orifice, a sleeve portion surrounding saiddeflecting surface, a needle valve adjusting the size of said orifice, an extension to said needle valve extending beyond said sleeve, and a deflecting disc carried on the end of said needle valve extension in spaced relationship with the edge of said sleeve and having an annular concavely curved deflecting surface thereon, the defleeting surfaces on said body and said disc facing each other so that fluid issuing from the orifice is deflected by the disc back onto the surface surrounding the orifice and :thence through :the space between the sleeve and the disc.

ARTHUR ALEXANDER SIDNEY., 

